Transition of Art From the Paleolithic Period to 14th Century

Century

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	13th century 14th century 15th century
Timelines:	13th century 14th century 15th century
State leaders:	13th century 14th century 15th century
Decades:	1300s 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s 1360s 1370s 1380s 1390s
Categories:	Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments

As a ways of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 (MCCCI), to 31 Dec 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 one thousand thousand lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire.^{[ citation needed ]} W Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity.

In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives – wiping out ane 3rd of the European population^[1] – while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of French republic led to a claim to the French throne past Edward Three, Rex of England. This period is considered the top of chivalry and marks the kickoff of potent separate identities for both England and France too as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire.

In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to accept been ever established by a single conqueror.^{[ citation needed ]} Scholars judge that Timur's military machine campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to well-nigh 5% of the world population at the fourth dimension. Synchronously, the Timurid Renaissance emerged. In the Arab globe, historian and political scientist Ibn Khaldun and explorer Ibn Battuta fabricated meaning contributions. In Bharat, the Bengal Sultanate got divided from the Delhi Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world. The sultanate was described past the Europeans every bit the richest country to trade with.^[2] The Mongol court was driven out of China and retreated to Mongolia, the Ilkhanate complanate, the Chaghatayid dissolved and broke into 2 parts, and the Gilt Horde lost its position every bit a great power in Eastern Europe.

In Africa, the wealthy Republic of mali Empire, a global leader of golden production, reached its territorial and economic superlative under the reign of Mansa Musa I of Mali, the wealthiest individual of the medieval times, and according to various sources as history's ever.^[3] ^[4]

Events [edit]

1301-1309 [edit]

1305-1314: The Trials of the Knights Templar. The Knights Templar arrested and tried. Jacques de Molay, the last grand master of the Templars, is executed in 1314.
1309: King Jayanegara succeeds Kertarajasa Jayawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.^[5]
1309–1377: The Avignon papacy transfers the seat of the Popes from Italian republic to France

1310s [edit]

The Great Dearth of 1315-1317 kills millions of people in Europe.
1318–1330: An Italian Franciscan friar, Mattiussi, visited Sumatra, Java, and Banjarmasin in Borneo. In his record he described the kingdom of Majapahit.

1320s [edit]

1320: Władysław I the Elbow-high is crowned King of Poland which leads to its afterward unification.
1323: Malietoafaiga ordered cannibalism to be abolished in Tutuila, at present known as American Samoa.
1325: Forced out of previous locations, the Mexica plant the city of Tenochtitlan.
1327: Tver Uprising against the Golden Horde.
1328: Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi succeeds Jayanegara every bit ruler of Majapahit.
1328-1333: Wang Dayuan, a traveller from Quanzhou, China during the Yuan dynasty, visited Luzon & Mindanao in the Philippines, many places in Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and Republic of india, and reached Dhofar and Aden.^[6]
Beginning of the Renaissance in Italy.

1330s [edit]

1335: The expiry of the Ilkhan Abu Said causes the disintegration of the Mongol dominion in Persia.
1336: The Vijayanagara Empire is founded in South Bharat by Harihara I.
1337: The Hundred Years' War begins when Edward Iii of England lays claim to the French throne.

1340s [edit]

1345–1346: The French recruit troops and ships in Genoa, Monaco, and Nice.
1346: English forces led past Edward III defeat a French regular army led past Philip Six of France in The Battle of Crécy, a major point in the Hundred Years' War which marks the rise of the longbow as a dominant weapon in Western Europe.
1347–1351: The Blackness Death kills effectually a tertiary of the population of Europe.
1347: Adityawarman moved the capital letter of Dharmasraya and established the kingdom of Malayupura in Pagarruyung, West Sumatra.^[7]
1348: The vi.9-magnitude 1348 Friuli earthquake centered in Northern Italy was felt across Europe. Contemporary minds linked the quake with the Black Decease and Great Famine, fueling fears that the Biblical Apocalypse had arrived.

1350s [edit]

1350: Ramathibodi I establishes the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
1350: Hayam Wuruk, styled Sri Rajasanagara, succeeds Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi every bit ruler of Majapahit; his reign is considered the empire's 'Golden Historic period'.^[5] Under its armed services commander Gajah Mada, Majapahit stretches over much of modernistic-twenty-four hours Indonesia.
1353: Fa Ngum established the Lan Xang kingdom in Laos.
1356: The Regal Diet of the Holy Roman Empire headed by Emperor Charles IV bug the Golden Balderdash of 1356, establishing various constitutional aspects of the Empire, the most significant being the electoral higher to elect future emperors.
1356: The Diet of the Hansa is held in Lübeck, formalising what upward until so had just been a loose alliance of trading cities in northern Europe and officially founding the Hanseatic League.
1357: Scotland retains its independence with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick, thus ending the Wars of Scottish Independence.
1357: In the Battle of Bubat, the Sundanese regal family is massacred by the Majapahit army by the society of Gajah Mada; the death toll includes Sundanese king Lingga Buana and princess Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, who committed suicide.^[8]

1360s [edit]

1363: The Boxing of Lake Poyang, a naval conflict between Chinese rebel groups led by Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang, takes identify from August to October, constituting one of the largest naval battles in history.
1365: The Old Javanese text Nagarakertagama is written.^[5]
1366: Tepanec Tlatoani Acolnahuácatl accepts Acamapichtli every bit the showtime tlatoani of Tenochtitlan for the Mexica Empire.
1368: The end of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China and the start of the Ming Dynasty.

1370s [edit]

1371: The Boxing of Maritsa, the Serbs are defeated by the Ottomans, with most of Serb nobility being killed.
1377: Majapahit sends a castigating expedition confronting Palembang in Sumatra. Palembang'south prince, Parameswara (later on Iskandar Syah) flees, eventually finding his way to Malacca and establishing it as a major international port.^[v]
1378: The Great Schism of the West begins, eventually leading to three simultaneous popes.
1378: Battle of the Vozha River betwixt Russians and Mongols.
1378–1382: Ciompi Defection occurs in Florence.

1380s [edit]

1380: Russian principalities defeat the Golden Horde at the Battle of Kulikovo.
1381: John Wycliffe is dismissed from the University of Oxford for criticism of the Roman Catholic Church, thus the Lollardy movement rises in England.
1381: Peasants' Revolt in England.
1382: Khan Tokhtamysh captures Moscow.
1382: Barquq rising to power to showtime the Burji dynasty, the Circassian Mamuluk Dynasty in Arab republic of egypt.
1385: Battle of Aljubarrota between Portugal and Castile. Portugal maintains independence.
1385: Wedlock of Krewo between Poland and Lithuania.
1389: Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottoman Turks; Prince Lazar, Sultan Murad I and Miloš Obilić are killed.
1389: Wikramawardhana succeeds Sri Rajasanagara every bit ruler of Majapahit.^[five]

1390-1400 [edit]

1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms spread throughout Spain and Portugal, and many thousands of Jews are massacred.
1392: Taejo of Joseon establishes the Joseon Dynasty.
1396: The Battle of Nicopolis, in which the Ottoman Empire defeat a large Crusader regular army composed of knights and men-at-arms from various Christian states including the kingdoms of Republic of hungary, French republic, the Holy Roman Empire, Burgundy and Wallachia.
1396: The 2d Bulgarian Empire ends, with the capture of the last stronghold fortress of Vidin and its male monarch Ivan Sratsimir by the Ottomans.
1397: The Kalmar Union is established, uniting Norway, Sweden and Kingdom of denmark into one kingdom.
1397: Reign of Chimalpopoca begins as the third tlatoani of Tenochtitlan.

Undated [edit]

The transition from the Medieval Warm Catamenia to the Little Ice Age.
Beginning of the Ottoman Empire, early expansion into the Balkans.
Early 14th century: Attributed to Kao Ninga Monk Sewing is made. Kamakura period. It is now kept at the Cleveland Museum of Art.
An account of Buddha'due south life, translated earlier into Greek by Saint John of Damascus and widely circulated to Christians every bit the story of Barlaam and Josaphat, became so pop that the two were venerated as saints.^[9]
Singapore emerges for the first time as a fortified city and trading center of some importance.
Islam reaches Terengganu, on the Malay Peninsula.
The Hausa found several city-states in the south of modernistic Niger.
The poet Petrarch coins the term Dark Ages to describe the preceding 900 years in Europe, beginning with the autumn of the Western Roman Empire in 476 through to the renewal embodied in the Renaissance.
Iwan vault, Jamé Mosque of Isfahan, Isfahan, Persia (Iran), is congenital.
Piece of work begins on the Peachy Enclosure at Great Republic of zimbabwe, congenital of un-cemented, dressed stone. The city'south population is now between 10,000 and 40,000.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions [edit]

Music of the Ars nova
The technique of knitting
Foundation of the University of Cracow
Chinese text the Huolongjing by Jiao Yu describes burn lances, fire arrows (rockets), rocket launchers, land mines, naval mines, bombards, cannons, and hollow bandage iron cannonballs filled with gunpowder, and their utilize to set ablaze enemy camps.
First pound lock in Europe reportedly congenital in Vreeswijk, Netherlands in 1373^[x]

References [edit]

^ Black Decease, Encyclopaedia Britannica
^ Nanda, J. Northward (2005). Bengal: the unique land. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. ISBN978-81-8069-149-two. Bengal [...] was rich in the product and consign of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.
^ ^a ^b Thad Morgan, "This 14th-Century African Emperor Remains the Richest Person in History" Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, History.com, March 19, 2018
^ ^a ^b Davidson, Jacob (July 30, 2015). "The ten Richest People of All Fourth dimension". Time. Archived from the original on August 24, 2015. Retrieved Jan 5, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^{due east} Ricklefs (1991), page 18
^ "Asian maritime & trade chronology to 1700 CE". Maritime Asia.
^ Kern, J.H.C., (1907), De wij-inscriptie op het Amoghapāça-beeld van Padang Candi(Batang Hari-districten); 1269 Çaka, Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, State-, en Volkenkunde.
^ Drs. R. Soekmono; et al. (1988) [1973]. Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Republic of indonesia 2, 2nd ed (5th reprint ed.). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. p. 72.
^ Macdonnel, Arthur Anthony (1900). " Sanskrit Literature and the West.". A History of Sanskrit Literature. New York: D. Appleton and Co. p. 420.
^ Pound lock

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century